Biomarker discovery is a research area that focuses on identifying and validating specific molecules or genetic markers that can serve as indicators of a physiological condition, disease presence, or treatment response. These biomarkers can be found in various biological samples such as blood, urine, tissue, or saliva. The ultimate goal of biomarker discovery is to develop diagnostic tools that can accurately detect diseases at an early stage, monitor disease progression, and personalize treatment plans for patients. This research area involves a combination of technologies such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and bioinformatics to identify and validate potential biomarkers.